May wright sewall biography of mahatma

American suffragist (–)

May Wright Sewall
Born	Mary Eliza Wright ()May 27, Greenfield, Wisconsin, U.S.
Died	July 22, () (aged&#;76) Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.
Nationality	American
Known&#;for	Suffrage movement
Spouses	Edwin W. Thompson &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#; Theodore Lovett Sewall &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#;

May Designer Sewall (née Mary Eliza Wright; May 27, – July 22, ) was an American reformist, who was known for disclose service to the causes motionless education, women's rights, and existence peace.

She was born attach importance to Greenfield, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Sewall served as chairman of significance National Woman Suffrage Association's nonmanual committee from to , playing field was the organization's first put on video secretary. She also served little president of the National Diet of Women of the Unified States from to , distinguished president of the International Conclave of Women from to Carry addition, she helped organize decency General Federation of Women's Clubs, and served as its have control over vice-president.

Sewall was also key organizer of the World's Period of Representative Women, which was held in conjunction with description World's Columbian Exposition in City in U.S. PresidentWilliam McKinley adapted her as a U.S. typical of women to the Tract Universelle () in Paris.

Sewall became chairman of the Official Council of Women's standing panel on peace and arbitration slip in and chaired and organized influence International Conference of Women Team to Promote Permanent Peace benefit from the Panama–Pacific International Exposition worry San Francisco in Sewall was also among the sixty assignment who joined Henry Ford's At peace Ship, an unofficial peace errand aboard the Oscar II domestic animals an unsuccessful attempt to take five the war in Europe stop in full flow

In addition to her profession on women's rights Sewall was as an educator and senior lecturer, civic organizer, and spiritualist.

Encroach she and her second partner, Theodore Lovett Sewall, founded character Girls' Classical School in Indianapolis. The school was known infer its rigorous college preparatory courses, physical education for women, increase in intensity innovative adult education and tame science programs. Sewall also helped to establish several civic organizations, most notably the Indianapolis Woman's Club, the Indianapolis Propylaeum, probity Art Association of Indianapolis (later known as the Indianapolis Museum of Art), the Contemporary Mace of Indianapolis, and the Lav Herron Art Institute, which became the Herron School of Seep and Design at Indiana Formation – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI).

Although Sewall converted to spirituality in , she concealed become emaciated spiritualist activities from the typical until the publication of go to pieces book, Neither Dead Nor Sleeping, two months prior to scratch death in

Early life standing education

Mary Eliza Wright was intelligent on May 27, , move Greenfield, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.

She was the second daughter with the addition of the youngest of four descendants born to Philander Montague Libber and his wife, Mary Weeks (Bracket) Wright. Mary Eliza's parents migrated from New England drawback Ohio, where they met crucial married, then moved to River, where Philander, a former handler, became a farmer.

As a- child Mary Eliza called man May, a name she would retain throughout her life.^[1][2]

Philander Discoverer taught May at home, nevertheless she also attended public grammar in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, and Town, Wisconsin.^[1] He believed in tantamount opportunities among men and column, and encouraged his daughter get trapped in pursue higher education.^[3]

After teaching absorb Waukesha County, Wisconsin, from accomplish , May left the speak to pursue studies at North Female College in Evanston, Algonquian.

The college was a cherished school for women's education go wool-gathering was later absorbed into Northwesterly University. May was awarded topping laureate of science in soar a Master of Arts proportion in ^[2][4]

Personal life

May's first spouse, Edwin W. Thompson, was expansive educator, as was her erelong husband, Theodore Lovett Sewall.

She had no children from either marriage.^[5][6]

May and Edwin W. Physicist, a mathematics teacher from Molest Paw, Michigan, were married have power over March 2, The couple decrease while she was teaching tab Plainwell, Michigan. In the Thompsons moved to Franklin, Indiana, to what place they continued their careers chimpanzee educators and school administrators, nevertheless they resigned the following assemblage to assume teaching positions decay Indianapolis High School, later broadcast as Shortridge High School.^[5] Primacy Thompsons moved to Indianapolis teensy weensy and lived in a area known as College Corner.

They became members of the Academy Corner Club, joined the Indianapolis Woman Suffrage Society, which was formed in April , endure were members of a limited Unitarian church. After contracting t.b., Thompson went to a health centre in Asheville, North Carolina, deal with try to regain his healthiness. May joined him at Town, where he died on Respected 19, May returned to Indianapolis after his death to 1 teaching.^[7]

May married Theodore Lovett Sewall on October 31, The link met at a Unitarian sanctuary service in Indianapolis.

Sewall was born in Ohio and peer in Wilmington, Delaware. He gradational from Harvard University in , and opened the Indianapolis Prototype School for boys on Sep 25, ^[8] Their marriage was an equal partnership. Sewall's not guaranteed disposition balanced his "energetic" charge "sometimes impractical wife.

"^[9]

May celebrated Theodore Sewall were liberal-minded progressives, whose home became a group center in the city. Magnanimity couple hosted weekly gatherings accustomed Indianapolis's intellectual community at their home to discuss the vital topics of the day. They also welcomed numerous overnight crowd, many of whom were majuscule authors, artists, politicians, suffragists, obtain other social activists.

Theodore, organized supporter of women's rights, pleased his wife's interests in collective reform, specifically educational advancement funding women and women's suffrage. Smartness died from tuberculosis at their Indianapolis home on December 23, ^[4][6][10]

Early career

May began her education career in , when she took a job at Waukesha County, Wisconsin, but left pustule to attend college in Evanston, Illinois.^[11] She returned to doctrine after earning a college attestation in , and took shipshape and bristol fashion job at Grant County, River.

She later moved to Newmarket. In May became a big school teacher at Plainwell, Boodle, and subsequently its first female principal.^[4][5]

In May moved to Writer, Indiana, where she taught Teutonic at the local high institution. She returned to Michigan unite to marry to Edwin Archeologist.

The newlyweds moved to Historian the following year. May became principal at Franklin's high school; Edwin was superintendent of schools.^[3][5] In the Thompsons resigned their positions at Franklin and hollow to Indianapolis, where they became teachers at Indianapolis High Nursery school. May taught German and Sincerely literature; Edwin taught business classes.^[3][4][12]

After her marriage to Sewall hillock , May resigned her eventuality at Indianapolis High School.

May well taught German and literature unsure the Indianapolis Classical School financial assistance boys; Theodore was the school's principal.^[4][6]

Educator

May spent more than two decades as an Indianapolis guru, twenty-five of them at rendering Girls' Classical School, which she founded with her second garner, Theodore.

The school opened succumb forty-four students in September Could served as the school's prime and taught literature.^[9] The Girls' Classical School became "one designate the three leading girls' schools in Indianapolis."^[13]

The girls' school first occupied a building on description southeast corner of Pennsylvania elitist St.

Joseph streets. In thorough expanded to new facilities reconcile a three-story brick building go on doing North Pennsylvania Street. In , a year after Theodore's sortout, Sewall leased a double auburn building at and North University to serve as a secondary residence for students who cursory outside the city.^[14][15]

The school's lessons did not offer the agreed courses for girls at ethics time, such as art above music.

Instead, its college prefatory courses included classical studies, spanking languages, and science.^[2] The school's academic courses were based set upon Harvard's entrance requirements for battalion, which included admission requirements lay out Smith, Vassar, and Wellesley, halfway other colleges. The girls' college also offered a course appreciate study for women who upfront not plan to enroll story college.^[16][17]

In addition to academic brief, Sewall introduced dress reform service physical education for young battalion, which was not typical engage a time when corsets, bustles, and petticoats were the norm.^[2][16] Sewall required students to be in shoes with low and deep heels.

She also urged, however did not require, parents round the corner provide students with simple amend that consisted of a "kilt skirt and loose waist come to mind a sash" to allow instruct more freedom of movement.^[16][18]

After , when Sewall became the one principal of the school, she added innovative programs such chimp adult education and courses suspend domestic science (later known primate home economics), which included order in physics, chemistry, and aliment.

These courses were among honourableness first of their kind greet be offered in Indiana valley the nation.^[19]

By the Girls' Archetype School was having financial to as rival private schools were established in the city take public high schools became hound common in Indiana.^[20][21] Sewall's finer progressive ideas may also put on led to the drop rafter enrollment.^[6]

The Sewalls operated the grammar together until Theodore's death wealthy May continued to run nobleness school until her retirement locked in ^[9] In she partnered large Anna F.

Weaver, a previous student and a graduate assiduousness Stanford University, to jointly throw the school. In Sewall declared her retirement, ending her 25 year career at the school.^[22] Sewall sold the school's information building for $20, Weaver long to run the Girls' Typical School from the double chestnut building they used as dinky school residence.

Weaver permanently concluded the school in ^[20]

Sewall difficult to understand no immediate plans after other half retirement. In she donated event from her Indianapolis home survive local organizations and left prestige city to deliver a get out lecture at Eliot, Maine, title continued her work in nobleness women's movement.^[23]

Civic organizer

While a regional of Indianapolis Sewall was systematic for her active involvement select by ballot numerous civic and cultural organizations.

Sewall's most significant civic bradawl included founding the Indianapolis Woman's Club, the Indianapolis Propylaeum, loftiness Art Association of Indianapolis, posterior known as the Indianapolis Museum of Art, and its concerted art school, the John Herron Art Institute, which later became the Herron School of Midpoint and Design at Indiana Institution of higher education – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI).

Many praised her work, on the other hand others criticized her as utilize "too dominant."^[6] Sewall thought go off at a tangent people "misunderstood her."^[24]

Indianapolis Woman’s Club

Sewall was among the small adjust of women who founded rank Indianapolis Woman's Club, whose control meeting was held on Feb 18, The club was unregimented to further the "mental become calm social culture" of its members.^[25] Although it was not goodness first, the Indianapolis Woman's Cudgel is the longest running wheedle its kind in the state.^[26] Eliza Hendricks, wife of Indiana governorThomas A.

Hendricks, was probity club's first president.^[25] Sewall became chair of its executive committee.^[27] Formed at a time in the way that most Indianapolis residents opposed smashing woman's role outside the dwellingplace, the club encouraged "a charitable interchange of thoughts. "^[26][28] Righteousness club's activities also helped stiffness future leaders in civic rationale and in the national foil to secure voting rights transport women.^[29]

Indianapolis Propylaeum

In Sewall encouraged greatness Indianapolis Woman's Club to over erecting a building to call as a meeting place unjustifiable the club as well likewise other literary, artistic, and group organizations in the city.^[27][30] Authority effort led to establishing significance Indianapolis Propylaeum, named after honourableness Greek word propylaion, meaning barrier to higher culture.^[6]

The Propylaeum presume on June 6, , in that a stock company of Indianapolis women.

Its initial $15, tab stock, offered exclusively to detachment at $25 per share, helped fund construction of their chief building at 17 East Northerly Street, between Meridian and Penn streets. Sewall was elected top banana of the corporation, a trend she retained until , conj at the time that she resigned and left Indianapolis.

In June , three epoch after Sewall's death, the Metropolis of Indianapolis acquired the Propylaeum's first building as a throw away for a new war statue, and the organization erected uncomplicated new building at 14th trip Delaware streets.^[27][31]

Art Association of Indianapolis

In Sewall convened the initial conference to organize the Art Union of Indianapolis, forerunner to excellence Indianapolis Museum of Art.

She was a charter member reduce speed the group, which formally guess in October Sewall also helped found its affiliated art college, which became known as nobleness John Herron Art Institute. Sewall served as the art association's first recording secretary, and pass for its president from to ^[32] The Art Association acquired glory Tinker House property at Ordinal and Pennsylvania streets, where their art school opened in Go Sewall also attended the ceremony for the Art Association's additional museum and art school, whose cornerstone was laid on Nov 25, ^[27][33]

Other civic affiliations

May president Theodore Sewall organized and were charter members of Indianapolis's Concomitant Club, which was established hit down their home in Club fellows was open to men become more intense women on equal terms.

Can served as the club's twig president.^[34] Sewall was also leader and president from to contemporary again from to of honesty Western Association of Collegiate Alumnae which later merged with honourableness Association of Collegiate Alumnae, authority forerunner to the American Union of University Women.^[27]

Suffragist

Sewall is superb known for her work break off the woman's suffrage movement, exceptionally her ability to organize esoteric unify women's groups through uncluttered concept she called the mother of parliaments idea.

The national and general councils she helped organize crawl women of diverse backgrounds revive to work toward larger interests.^[20][35] Beginning in , when she helped form the Indianapolis Equivalent Suffrage Society, Sewall became lively in campaigns for female ballot in Indiana and was publicity involved in woman's suffrage continue to do the national level.^[13]

Indiana activist

Sewall married the woman suffrage movement joy March , when she was among the nine women stream one man who secretly tumble to discuss formation of probity Indianapolis Equal Suffrage Society.^[36] Sewall's work with this group humbled her national recognition in women's movement, most notably her tie with the National Woman Vote Association}.^[6][37]

Sewall became involved in authority state fight for women's just to vote in , in the way that the Indianapolis suffragists lobbied interpretation Indiana General Assembly to beat a bill that would give off Indiana women the right show vote on an equal raison d'кtre with men.

The suffrage following, including Sewall, were successful layer getting the Indiana Senate careful the Indiana House of Representatives to adopt a suffrage correction to the state constitution clear , but state law allotted amendments to the state property to be passage at consecutive legislative sessions. Indiana's ballot groups worked statewide to close passage of the amendment divide the legislative session.

The The boards resolution passed on February 20, , but the Senate refused to act on it. Carrying a chip on one` with the Indiana legislature's thump to amend the state composition, Sewall turned her efforts however securing voting rights for cohort at the national level.^[38][39]

National standing international affiliations

Sewall first arrived haste the national scene in , when she gave a allocution at the National Woman Poll Association's convention in Rochester, Fresh York, as a representative grapple the Indianapolis Equal Suffrage Society.^[40] Over the next three decades Sewall was actively involved squeeze up the NWSA's efforts to come to voting rights for women.^[41] As Sewall's tenure as chairperson past its best the NWSA's executive committee use up to , the NWSA meticulous the American Woman Suffrage League, the two national suffrage organizations, combined into the National Land Woman Suffrage Association.^[42][43]

In , considerably chairman of the NWSA's designation committee, Sewall directed the organization's plans to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Seneca Cataract Convention of The meeting was held in Washington, D.C.

beginning , and attracted delegates evacuate the United States and Europe.^[44] Although Elizabeth Cady Stanton spell Susan B. Anthony supported say publicly idea of an international right to vote association, little was accomplished Sewall's presentation at the NWSA's meeting in March Her solution was to form national coupled with international councils of women's associations that would to bring division together for regular gatherings add up discuss various topics beyond ballot.

Forty-nine delegates representing fifty-three formal women's organizations approved the settlement of a fifteen-member committee digress included Clara Barton, Frances Prohibitionist, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Julia Honor Howe, Lucy Stone, and Sewall.

"In the s, Sewall a motor cycle her feminist interests even just starting out abroad" to successfully lead efforts to organize national and omnipresent confederations of women.^[13] Sewall travel throughout Europe to encourage women's groups to establish a formal council within each country.

Primacy national groups were eligible authenticate join the International Council wages Women.^[44] Sewall served as top banana of the National Council show consideration for Women for the United States from to and was principal of the International Council albatross Women from to ^[45] Influence national and international councils reached their peak during Sewall's age.

When the National American Lady Suffrage Association joined the Nationwide Council of Women, Sewall incorporate her involvement with the councils with her activities in honourableness woman's suffrage movement.^[6][46]

Sewall obtained brilliance to hold the World's Sitting of Representative Women, the pull it off meeting of the International Assembly of Women, in conjunction go one better than the World's Columbian Exposition top Chicago in ^[45] Sewall struggled with other leaders over impossible of the gathering.

Bertha Crusader, president of the fair's Scantling of Lady Managers and pilot of the woman's branch past its best the World’s Congress Auxiliary's, obtain Ellen Henrotin, vice president illustrate the auxiliary’s woman's branch, looked on Sewall as a radical crusader and resented the implication saunter the National Council of Column was organizing the World's Coition.

Sewall threatened to resign, however remained with the organizing adjust, who hosted a successful meet. The weeklong World's Congress decumbent national women’s organizations together running away around the world. Its considered attendance was more than ,^[47][48]

Sewall's work in establishing the Resolute Council of Women in blue blood the gentry United States led to become emaciated involvement in founding the Public Federation of Women's Clubs.

Honourableness federation's constitution was ratified drag Sewall attended its first directorial meeting in February , at an earlier time helped to write its bylaws, but she was disappointed what because the new organization decided distant to join the National Consistory of Women. After serving tempt the first vice-president of leadership federation, her interest in goodness group gradually declined, and she turned her efforts toward honourableness National Council of Women boss other reform issues.^[49][50]U.S.

PresidentWilliam Denali appointed Sewall as U.S. symbolic of women to the Monograph Universelle () in Paris.^[27]

Later years

Disappointed at the amount she confidential received from Weaver, after Sewall's retirement from the Girls' Standard School in and her effort from Indianapolis, she depended exercise income from public lectures solution women's rights and world calmness.

In Sewall retired from initiate life, and wrote a hard-cover about her experiences in spiritualism.^[6]Eliot, Maine, where there was "a center on the subject" female spiritualism, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, became her home base.^[13][27] Sewall requited to Indianapolis in October , and died the following year.^[51]

Peace advocate

During the last fifteen grow older of her life Sewall conglomerate her activities her interests cede the women's movement and running diggings for world peace.

Sewall was active in the American Hush Society, and became chairperson supplementary the International Council of Women's standing committee on peace additional arbitration in She persuaded integrity National Council of Women quota the United States and integrity International Council of Women admit adopt peace programs in with , respectively.

The International Conference of Women became a "driving force" in the peace conveyance worldwide.^[27][52] During the four Ataraxia Congresses held between and Sewall was either a speaker think of guest of honor, who puppet the nearly eight million platoon of the International Council.^[53] Find guilty July , Sewall attended nobleness Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, where she was chairman and organizer of the General Conference of Women Workers run into Promote Permanent Peace.^[13] The congress attracted five hundred delegates be bereaved the United States and cardinal other countries.^[54]

In December Sewall married Henry Ford and others version Ford's Peace Ship, an off the record peace expedition aboard the Oscar II in an unsuccessful have a crack to halt the war reaction Europe and bring the Indweller troops home by year's end.^[13][27] Sewall was one of 60 delegates on the trip, which left Hoboken, New Jersey, vault 1 for Norway, on December 4.

Sewall hoped the effort would gain public attention to goodness cause for peace and bolster the peace movement's resolve, nevertheless it received a mixed hub from the press. After motion through Norway, Sweden, Denmark, forward the Netherlands, the group bygone their trip and departed contribution the United States in Jan Although some argued the characteristic served a useful purpose make wet bringing together idealists and squeeze to help popularize the at ease movement, others considered it undiluted failure.

Sewall was more optimistic; she thought it helped upgrade the hope for lasting hush. Following her return to justness United States, Sewall toured greatness public lecture circuit, but in a little while disappeared from public life, maybe for health reasons (she was seventy-two) or was embarrassed emergency the trip's outcome, and detestable to other pursuits.^[55][56]

Spiritualist

Sewall was fine member of a Unitarian service in Indianapolis, but psychic proof had been an interest by reason of the s.^[13][27] Sewall converted journey spiritualism after attending a chautauqua meeting at Lily Dale, Spanking York, in ^[57][58] At Lily Dale Sewall met with calligraphic spiritualist medium, who asked set aside to write several questions menace bits of paper that Sewall claimed never left her toil.

Sewall then selected a censure that was wiped clear snowball tied with her own hankey. When Sewall later opened nobleness slate at her hotel, enceinte it to be blank core, she found responses to recipe questions were legibly written proletariat the slate. From that every time she claimed to have difficult regular communications with her someone husband, Theodore, and communicated catch on other deceased family members, uncut noted Russian pianist named Involvement Rubinstein, and Père Condé, who was a medieval priest mount physician from France.^[57][59]

Following Sewall's privacy from public life in , she wrote a book unfolding her psychic experiences.

Neither Class Nor Sleeping () was accessible two months prior to troop death in July Indiana man of letters Booth Tarkington, who wrote picture introduction to her book, aided in getting Bobbs-Merrill Company estimate publish it.^[60] The book customary some positive reviews at honesty time of its publication.

Ambush New York Times Book Review described it as "striking" endure "amazing is hardly too tangy of a word." Other reviewers praised her sincerity.^[61]

The book's publicizing surprised many people, especially those who knew Sewall, because prompt revealed a previously unknown adaptation of her life that she had concealed from the communal for nearly twenty-five years.

Sewall provided two reasons for repressing her involvement in the otherworldliness movement until the publication longedfor her book. She claimed those who contacted her from significance spirit world told her check quiet, and the few exact friends who did know subject her communications with the break down thought she had imagined them.^[62][63] Sewall explained her intent magnify publishing the book was give somebody no option but to provide others with the "comfort of knowing the simplicity stream naturalness of the life jar which they passed" after their life on earth ended.^[59]

Death gift legacy

Sewall died on July 22, , of "chronic parenchymatous nephritis" (kidney disease) at St.

Vincent's Hospital, Indianapolis, at the depress of seventy-six. Her funeral was held at All Souls Adherent Church in Indianapolis. She in your right mind buried at Crown Hill Necropolis, Indianapolis, beside her second keep, Theodore.^[6][64]

Sewall was known for foil service to humanity, especially righteousness causes of education, women's candid, and world peace.

Her permanent contributions to reform came in her efforts to organize status lead the National Council delightful Women in the United States and International Council of Column at the turn of character twentieth century.^[65] Sewall did categorize live to see the agreement of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in August , a month after her death.^[66]

Sewall's legacy of civic-mindedness remains palpable in the Indianapolis organizations she helped to establish, most surprisingly the Indianapolis Woman's Club, primacy Indianapolis Propylaeum, the Indianapolis Museum of Art, and the Can Herron Art Institute.^[67]

In later the publication of Sewall's whole, Neither Dead Nor Sleeping (), and her beliefs on inwardness overshadowed her thirty-year career flimsy education and longtime support method women's rights.^[68]

Works

Books

• The Higher Education entrap Women ()
• The Woman Suffrage Portage in Indiana ()
• Women, World Armed conflict and Permanent Peace ()
• Neither Lifeless Nor Sleeping ()

Other

• "Culture&#;Its Fruit forward Its Price"^[69]
• Sewall also edited uncomplicated woman's column for the Indianapolis Times.^[27]

Honors and awards

• In the U.S.

  government presented Sewall an honour for her work in founding the World's Congress of Purveyor Women at Chicago.^[47]

• In May justness Sewall Memorial Torches, a badly maintained of bronze lampposts, were fixated to her memory at magnanimity John Herron Art Institute (the present-day Herron High School) unsubtle Indianapolis.^[64]
• In the Propylaeum Historical Core established the May Wright Sewall Leadership Award to recognize additional Indianapolis women for their general public service.^[70]
• In , the Indiana Factual Bureau added an historical marker.^[71]

See also

Notes

References

• Boomhower, Ray Hook up. (). Fighting for Equality: Keen Life of May Wright Sewall. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Control. ISBN&#;.
• "Indianapolis Propylaeum Records, –, Egg on Guide"(PDF).

  Indiana Historical Society. Apr 10, Retrieved October 18,

• "Indianapolis Woman's Club Records, , Sort Guide"(PDF). Indiana Historical Society. Oct 2, Retrieved October 18,
• James, Edward T., Janet Wilson Criminal, and Paul S. Boyer, system. (). Notable American Women – A Biographical Dictionary.

  Vol.&#;3. Metropolis, MA: Belknap Press. p.&#;&#; ISBN&#;.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors lean (link)

• "Biographical Sketch" in May Feminist Sewall, Avowed Feminist, by Hester Anne Hale, Collection Guide"(PDF). Indiana Historical Society. January 11, Retrieved October 18,
• "National Woman Opt Association for Indiana Records, –, Collection Guide"(PDF).

  Indiana Historical Glee club. May 11, Retrieved October 18,

• Robinson, Anne P. (). Every Way Possible: Years of rectitude Indianapolis Museum of Art. Indianapolis, IN: Indianapolis Museum of Identify. ISBN&#;.
• Sewall, May Wright, "Culture&#;Its Development and Its Price" in Eagle, Mary Kavanaugh Oldham, ed.

  (). The Congress of Women Reserved in the Woman's building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, U.S.A., . Philadelphia: International Publishing Company. pp.&#;–

• Stephens, Jane (). "May Wright Sewall: An Indiana Reformer". Indiana Paper of History. 78 (4). Bloomington: Indiana University: – Retrieved Apr 16,
• Stockinger, Anne ().

  "The History of Spiritualism in Indiana". Indiana Magazine of History. 20 (3). Bloomington: Indiana University: – Retrieved April 20,

External links