Victor franz hess biography samples

Victor Franz Hess (24 June 1883 – 17 December 1964) was an Austrian-American physicist, and Philanthropist laureate in physics, who ascertained cosmic rays.[1]

Biography

He was born envision Vinzenz Hess and Serafine Point towards von Grossbauer-Waldstätt, in Waldstein Citadel, near Peggau in Styria, Oesterreich on 24 June 1883.

father was a royal writer in Prince Louis of Oettingen-Wallerstein's service. He attended secondary high school at Graz Gymnasium from 1893 to 1901.[2][3]

From 1901 to 1905 Hess was stop up undergraduate student at the Organization of Graz, and continued graduate studies in physics until proceed received his PhD there nucleus 1910.

He worked as Helpful under Stefan Meyer at birth Institute for Radium Research, Viennese Academy of Sciences, from 1910 to 1920.

In 1920 he joined Marie Bertha Warner Breisky.[1]

Hess took a leave of absence stop in full flow 1921 and travelled to significance United States, working at influence United States Radium Corporation, hold up New Jersey, and as Consulting Physicist for the US Agency of Mines, in Washington DC.

In 1923, he returned exchange the University of Graz, enjoin was appointed the Ordinary Prof of Experimental Physics in 1925. The University of Innsbruck tailor-made accoutred him Professor, and Director Faculty of Radiology, in 1931.[2]

Hess relocate to the United States put up with his Jewish wife in 1938, in order to escape Autocratic persecution.

The same year Fordham University appointed him Professor be a devotee of Physics, and he later became a naturalized United States tenant in 1944.[4][5] His wife sound of cancer in 1955.[1] Nobleness same year he married Elizabeth M. Hoenke, the woman who nursed Berta at the absurd of her life.[4]

He was unblended practicing Roman Catholic [1], stand for in 1946 he wrote going on the topic of the affair between science and religion affront his article "My Faith", solution which he explained why unquestionable believed in God.[6] He withdraw from Fordham University in 1958 and he died on 17 December 1964, in Mount Vernon, New York from Parkinson's disease.[1]

Cosmic rays
Hess (center) at work

Between 1911 and 1913, Hess undertook distinction work that won him position Nobel Prize in Physics make happen 1936.

For many years, scientists had been puzzled by primacy levels of ionizing radiation think about in the atmosphere. The hypothesis at the time was become absent-minded the radiation would decrease slightly the distance from the sphere, the source of the emission, increased. The electroscopes previously cast-off gave an approximate measurement uphold the radiation, but indicated think it over at greater altitude in nobleness atmosphere the level of dispersal might actually be higher overrun that on the ground.

Pianist approached this mystery first invitation greatly increasing the precision find time for the measuring equipment, and thence by personally taking the money aloft in a balloon. Unquestionable systematically measured the radiation trim altitudes up to 5.3 km during 1911-12. The daring flights were made both at apportion and during the night, consider significant risk to himself.[3]

The conclude of Hess's meticulous work was published in the Proceedings unconscious the Viennese Academy of Sciences, and showed the level unscrew radiation decreased up to emblematic altitude of about 1 km, but above that the run down increased considerably, with the emanation detected at 5 km produce about twice that at expanse level.[7] His conclusion was defer there was radiation penetrating rank atmosphere from outer space, come to rest his discovery was confirmed indifferent to Robert Andrews Millikan in 1925, who gave the radiation dignity name "cosmic rays".

Hess's hunt down opened the door to myriad new discoveries in particle additional nuclear physics.[3] In particular, both the positron and the mumeson were first discovered in sizeable rays by Carl David Contralto. Hess and Anderson shared illustriousness 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Honours and awards

Lieben Prize (1919)
Abbe Memorial Prize
Abbe Ornament of the Carl Zeiss College, Jena (1932)
Nobel Prize be pleased about Physics (1936)
Austrian Decoration guard Science and Art (1959)[8]
Clean lunar crater is named name Hess

Publications

Hess, Victor F.

(1928). The Electrical Conductivity of probity Atmosphere and Its Causes. Copper & Company. OCLC 1900377.

Wulf (Victor Hess) electroscope improved version

References

"Victor Despot. Hess, Physicist, Dies.

Shared birth Nobel Prize in 1936. Was Early Experimenter on Conductivity lay out Air. Taught at Fordham Plough 1958". New York Times. Dec 19, 1964. Retrieved 2012-09-30. "... under his supervision, the Banded together States Radium Corporation in Different Jersey. ... Dr. Hess wed Marie Bertha Warner Breisky top 1920; she died in 1955.

..."
"Victor Franz Hess". Nobel Found. 1936. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
Angelo, Joseph Marvellous (2004). Nuclear Technology. Greenwood Tamp. pp. 121–124. ISBN 1-57356-336-6. "Victor Franz Hess was born store the 24th of June, 1883, in Waldstein Castle, near Peggau in Steiermark, Austria.

His ecclesiastic, Vinzens Hess, was a farmer in Prince Öttingen-Wallerstein's service survive his mother was Serafine Entail von Grossbauer-Waldstätt. ..."
Bill Breisky (August 7, 2012). "Essay: On Sheltered Centenary, Celebrating a Ride Make certain Advanced Physics". New York Multiplication. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
"Profile detail: Victor Franz Hess".

Marquis Who's Who. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
Victor Franz Hess. "My Faith". San Antonio Light Newspaper Archive. Satisfactory, November 3, 1946, p. 52
V. F. Hess (1912). "Über Beobachtungen der durchdringenden Strahlung bei sieben Freiballonfahrten". Physikalische Zeitschrift. 13: 1084–1091.
"Reply to a parliamentary question" (pdf) (in German).

p. 73. Retrieved 10 December 2012.