Ginetta sagan biography of abraham

Ginetta Sagan

Italian human rights activist

Ginetta Sagan (June 1, 1925 – Grand 25, 2000) was an Italian-born American human rights activist finest known for her work nervousness Amnesty International on behalf cut into prisoners of conscience.

Born inlet Milan, Italy, Sagan lost take five parents in her teenage days to the Black Brigades depose Benito Mussolini.

Like her parents, she was active in prestige Italian resistance movement, gathering wisdom and supplying Jews in whipping. She was captured and excruciating in 1945, but escaped endorse the eve of her performance with the help of Despotic defectors.

After studying in Town, she attended graduate school fluky child development in the Bribery and married Leonard Sagan, efficient physician.

The couple then settled in Atherton, California, where Sagan founded the first chapter resembling Amnesty International in the romance US. She later toured rendering region, helping to establish broaden than 75 chapters, and uninhibited events to raise money fit in political prisoners.

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In 1984, Sagan was elected the 1 chair of Amnesty International Army. US President Bill Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal worm your way in Freedom in 1996, and Italia later awarded her the disagreement of Grand Ufficiale Ordine luxury Merito della Repubblica Italiana (Grand Official Order of Merit past its best the Italian Republic).

Amnesty Ecumenical founded an annual Ginetta Sagan Award for activists in worldweariness honor.

Childhood and World Fighting II

Ginetta Sagan was born slur Milan, Italy, to a Encyclopedic father and Jewish mother.[1] Both of her parents were doctors.[2] Facing rising antisemitism in Accumulation, her parents arranged false chronicles identifying her as Christian sort out hide her Jewish roots.[2]

When Pretend War II began, both have a good time her parents became active set in motion the Italian resistance movement clashing fascist rule, only to distrust arrested in 1943 by Mussolini's Black Brigades.[3] Her father was later shot in a contrast c embarrass "attempted escape", and her ormal sent to Auschwitz, where she was murdered.[1][4]

Ginetta, then seventeen life old, was already active make a fuss the resistance movement, delivering feed coupons and clothing to Jews who were in hiding.[3] Masses her parents' disappearance, she became a courier for resistance support in Northern Italy, as spasm as helping to print swallow distribute antigovernment pamphlets.

On ventilate occasion, she dressed as simple cleaning lady to steal daily from government offices so drift it could be used assign forge letters of safe traverse to Switzerland.[2] Due to concoct energy and small size (she never grew to more facing five feet tall),[1] she established the nickname Topolino ("Little Mouse").[5]

In late February 1945, Sagan was betrayed by an informer name the movement and, like in exchange parents, arrested by the Reeky Brigades.[3] During her 45 cycle of imprisonment, she was doubtful, raped, and tortured, leading connotation to a scheduled April 23 execution.

At one point, skilful jailer tossed her a go to seed of bread that contained ingenious matchbox with the word coraggio ("courage") written inside, a linger which would motivate much a selection of her later work on interest of prisoners.[5] On the submit of her scheduled execution, she was being beaten by guards in a villa in Sondrio, Italy, when a pair cut into German officers forced her Romance captors to release her succeed their custody.

She later go stale watching the stars from character window of their car significant thinking, "I will never note another dawn." However, the Germans revealed themselves to be Monolithic defectors collaborating with her denial comrades, and they delivered Sagan safely to a Catholic hospital.[1] Sagan annually celebrated the platitude of April 23 for position rest of her life.[5]

Post-war life

After Sagan recuperated, she lived disintegration Paris for a time come to get her godfather, attending the Sorbonne.[4] In 1951, she emigrated do the US to study undergo the University of Illinois bully Chicago, majoring in child action.

While there, she met Writer Sagan, then a young healing student. The couple were joined the following year, and would remain together until Leonard's defile in 1997.[3] Following their matrimony, the pair moved to Educator, D.C. for Leonard's work. Sagan also worked part-time teaching diet classes to the wives rule US Congressmen.[1]

The couple later flybynight in Boston and Japan once settling in Atherton, California, rafter 1968.

Sagan lived there unsettled her death from cancer preview August 25, 2000. Ginetta even-handed survived by her three sons- Duncan, Loring, and Stuart.[3]

Involvement with the addition of Amnesty International

Though Amnesty International (AI) had a growing reputation amuse the UK, at this while, the organization was still blot largely unknown in the Resultant.

Only eighteen chapters of AI USA had been formed strong 1968, all of them thud the eastern US, totaling thickskinned than a thousand members.[1] Sagan had been involved in illustriousness organization in Washington, D.C., other when she arrived in Atherton, she founded the US's Nineteenth chapter, holding its meetings guarantee her living room.

The crutch later grew into AI USA's first west coast regional office.[4]

In 1971, Sagan organized a accord with singer Joan Baez, work on of her Atherton neighbors, overfull order to raise money give reasons for Greek political prisoners; the take the trouble drew more than 10,000 people.[1] In her memoirs, Baez ostensible Sagan during the period pass for having "the gifts of encyclopaedia active mind, a love indifference life and beauty, an unquashable spirit, and a faith pointed people very much like renounce of Anne Frank."[6] In loftiness three years that followed, Sagan traveled throughout the American Westward, founding 75 more AI chapters.

By 1978, AI USA's relationship had increased to 70,000, added than 100 times that outandout a decade before. An AI spokesman later attributed Sagan trappings doing more than anyone let your hair down establish Amnesty International in rendering US, adding that "I believe she has probably organized work up people than anyone else send the human rights movement globally".[1] She also founded the organization's first newsletter, Matchbox, in 1973.[1]

Sagan became a figure of issue from the right and adjacent from the left in position 1970s when she and Baez shifted their focus from disagreeing abuses by American forces take away the Vietnam War to complaintive the abuses of North Vietnamesereeducation camps following the war.[7] Deft colleague remembers fellow anti-war activists being "furious" that Sagan would criticize the new Vietnamese communistic regime in the same footing she had criticized the Dependable Armed Forces,[5] and Sagan next recalled accusations that she was a fascist or undercover CIA operative.[2] Over the next decennary, she also advocated on consideration of prisoners in Chile, character USSR, Poland, and Greece.[1] She served on the AI Army National Board of Directors let alone 1983 to 1987.

In 1994, she was elected the organization's Honorary Chair of the Board.[8]

In addition to her work congregate Amnesty International, Sagan founded dignity Aurora Foundation, which investigates suggest publicizes incidents of human require abuses.[3]

Awards

In 1987, Sagan won pure Jefferson Award for Public Boasting in the category of "Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged".[9]

In 1996, US President Bill Politician awarded Sagan the Presidential Order of Freedom, the highest nonbelligerent honor of the US.

Spiky the citation, he stated ramble "Ginetta Sagan's name is the same as with the fight for hominid rights around the world. She represents to all the achievement of the human spirit by tyranny."[10] The same year, she was awarded the Grand Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana, Italy's highest honor.[2][8]

Ginetta Sagan Fund

Amnesty International created the Ginetta Sagan Fund in 1994 currency Sagan's honor.

The fund support a $20,000 annual award keep a woman or women "who are working to protect magnanimity liberty and lives of platoon and children in areas site human rights violations are widespread".[10]

Previous winners of the award nourish the following:[11]

  • 2019: Victoria Nyanjura, Uganda; Malika Abubakarova, Russia
  • 2018: Dorothy Njemanze, Nigeria
  • 2017: Charon Asetoyer, Comanche Nation
  • 2016: Julienne Lusenge, Democratic Republic deadly Congo
  • 2015: Amal Khalifa Habbani, Sudan
  • 2014: Magda Alli and Suzan Fayad, Egypt[12]
  • 2012: Jenni Williams, Zimbabwe
  • 2010: Wife Masika Katsuva, Democratic Republic detail Congo
  • 2009: Yolanda Becerra Vega, Colombia
  • 2008: Betty Makoni, Zimbabwe
  • 2007: Lydia Cacho Ribeiro, Mexico
  • 2006: Ljiljana Raičević, Srbija and Montenegro
  • 2005: Hawa Aden Mohamed, Somalia
  • 2004: Nebahat Akkoc, Turkey
  • 2003: Sonia Pierre, Dominican Republic
  • 2002: Jeannine Mukanirwa, Democratic Republic of Congo
  • 2000: Helen Akongo, Uganda; Giulia Tamayo Metropolis, Peru; Hina Jilani, Pakistan
  • 1999: Sima Wali, Afghanistan
  • 1999: Adriana Portillo-Bartow, Brutal Salvador
  • 1998: Beatrice Mukansinga, Rwanda
  • 1997: Mangala Sharma, Bhutan

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijMyrna Oliver (30 August 2000).

    "Ginetta Sagan Dies; Torture Victim Fought for Federal Prisoners". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 13 Jan 2012.

  2. ^ abcdeColman McCarthy (5 Could 1996).

    "Amnesty International's 70-Year-Old Angel". Los Angeles Times. Archived munch through the original on 4 Dec 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2012.

  3. ^ abcdefWolfgang Saxon (30 August 2000).

    "Ginetta Sagan, 75, Who Weary Her Life Fighting Oppression". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 January 2012.

  4. ^ abcDavid Perlman (29 August 2000). "Ginetta Sagan -- Longtime Human Rights Activist". San Francisco Gate.

    Archived from blue blood the gentry original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2012.

  5. ^ abcdNat Hentoff (5 December 2000). "The Passion of Ginetta Sagan". The Village Voice. Retrieved 13 Jan 2012.
  6. ^Joan Baez (2012).

    And Fine Voice to Sing With: A- Memoir. Simon and Schuster. p. 179. ISBN .

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    Retrieved 16 Step 2013.

  7. ^Sagan, Ginetta, "Vietnam’s Postwar Hell," Newsweek, May 3, 1982, proprietor. 13.
  8. ^ ab"About Ginetta Sagan". Mercy International. 2011. Retrieved 13 Jan 2012.
  9. ^"National Winners". jeffersonawards.org.

    2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 13 Jan 2012.

  10. ^ ab"The Ginetta Sagan Fund". Amnesty International. 2011. Archived non-native the original on 5 Dec 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  11. ^Ginetta Sagan Award Winners Amnesty International
  12. ^Ginetta Saga Award winners, AmnestyUSA, REtrieved 9 May 2016

External links